Improvement in the manufacture of soap



HEWETT` & elses.

' l Boiling Soap.

No. 417.385. Patented Apr'. 25, 1865.

AM. FHOT0LlTHO.C.N.Y, (USBORNE'S PROCESS.)

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VJACOB n. nnNNFrr AND JAMES s. GIBBs, oF BUFFALo, `nizw "Yorin".`

IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP!` Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 47,385, (lated April 25, 1865.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that we, JACOB B. BENNETT and JAMES S. GIBBS, of Buffalo, Erie county, New York, have invented a new and useful improvement inmanufacturing soap, consisting in the agitation by any suitable machinery o f oils, fats, or other saponitlable materials with alkalies or salts of alkali in solution with water in any closed vessel while under heat and pressure, in such a manner as to cause a thorough mixing and commingling of such saponifiable materials with such alkaline solutions while under heat and pressure, causing thereby an instantaneous combination of the acids of the oils with the bases of the alkaline solutions.

ln order to illustrate our improvement and to enable others skilled in the arts to use our invention, we will proceed to describe the process, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, and to the letters marked thereon.

Let us, for example, suppose aquantity of tallow, lard, or other oily substance inclosed in a vessel with a solution of carbonate of soda in water and heat applied to produce a pressure ot' two hundred and twenty to two hundred and eighty pounds per inch and a temperature of 3500 to 4000 Fahrenheit, a. combination be tween the acids of the oils and the soda ofthe solution will take place only at the upper surface ofthe solution where in contact with the under surface ot' the grease, the heavy lye occupyin g the lower part of the vessel, and soap will only be produced where the oil and the alkalies unite. If we nowl agitate in such a manner as to stir together and thoroughly mix and commingle the contents of the vessel, the whole will be instantly converted into a homogeneous and good and even quality of soap. It is advisable to use no more water than is wanted in the soap when cooled.

Several methods of this agitating, Ste., will at once suggest themselves, but we prefer to do it thus: We use a boiler or cylinder simi` lar in shape to a plain cylinder steam-boiler, resting horizontally, and heated by any convenient manner. One or both heads of the cylinder is made so as to be conveniently removable, and is about the full size of the inner diameter of the cylinder, so as to admit of the insertion of a revolving shaft, a a a, which we prefer should be as long as the cylinder itself. The bearings of this shaft should be in the center of the cylinder, and either or both ends worked througha stuliing-box, c, for the convenience of applying to the pulley h power to revolve the shaft. 0n the shaft are fastened arms g g, with iioats j', stirrers, or `by whatever terms they may be called, extending nearly to the sides of the cylinder, the arms,

oats, or a-gitators on one side of the shaft when revolved carrying the grease or oil down into the alkali, while the arms, floats, or agitators on, the other side carry the alkali up i into the oils or grease, thus while underheat and pressure thoroughly commingling the whole, and causing the conversion of the pipe, and which is screwed into the boiler or i i "cylinder in any convenient place for the insertion ot' the thermometer-bulb. At the opposite end of the cylinder is an` opening, t', for the insertion of a supply-pipe.. At the tire` end is also an opening, l, for the insertion ot a second outlet-pipe, and which is intended to be used only when it is desired to draw oli' the whole contents of the cylinder.

The contents of the cylinder when operated upon should be subjected to a pressure of about two hundred and twenty to twohundred and eighty pounds per inch, and under a heat of about 3500 to 4000 Fahrenheit. When thesh aft is revolved, all ofi the ingredients in every part of the cylinder are immediately and thoroughly commingled-and the same will take place by means of any other revolving or vibratory undue pressure by the liberation ofthe cari.

bonic acid when combinations of theoils and soda or alkali take place.

If any of the liquid be allowed to escape before the temperature `reaches 3250 to 3750 Fahrenheit it should be returned to the cylinder.

The safety-valve on thc outlet-pipe d may be so loaded as to allow an escape of soap at a pressure of two hundred and fty to two 'hundred and seventy pounds, and a quantity of lye and oil may be pumped in at the opposite end, the agitation by the revolving shaft being still kept up, and thus a continued stream of soap kept up as long as the feeding is continued. The product may then be prepared for market by the refrigeration, molding, and cutting process. in ordinary use.

Some of the advantages of using our process are: First, the rapidity of manufacture; second,tl1e improvement in quality; third, the increased quantity; fourth, economy in labor; fifth, saving of fuel; sixth, theuse of cheaper materials; seventh, the saponiication of all the oils or grease; eighth, the uniform certaint-y of the result 5 ninth, the saving of the The agitation and commin glin g, by any suitable machinery, of the ingredients used for making soap in a closed vessel While under heat and pressure suflicient to insure the dewsired new mbinations and produce cheaply and quickly a uniform good quality of soap.

JACOB B. BENNETT. JAMES S. GlBBS. Witnesses:

ALVIN BURT, ROBERT SMITH. 

